COMPUTER AND ITS TYPES WITH(I/O) DEVICES

                                         ABOUT  COMPUTER

INTRO:

• The Word  "COMPUTER"  Comes From  The Word  "COMPUTE" , Which Means, "To Calculate".Hence, people Usually Consider a Computer To Be a Calculating Device That Can Perform Arithmetic Operations At High Speed. 

• A Computer Is Often Referred To As a Data Processor Because It Can Store, Process, And Retrieve Data Whenever Desired.

• We Now Define A Computer As a Devise That Operates Upon Data Because More Than 80% Of Work Done Today's Computer Is Data Processing.

                      COMPUTER PARTS

1 MOTHERBOARD: 

•  A Motherboard Is An Electronic Circuit Board In A Computer Which     Interconnects Hardware Device Attached To It.

• Motherboard Hold All The Computing Parts Such As CPU,RAM,HARD DISK,  GRAPHICS PROCESSOR  ETC. 

• Creates An Integrated Communication System Between    Them So That Computer Can Process The Given To It

   

MOTHERBOARD COMPONENTS:-

1. MOUSE & KEYBOARD
2. USB (UNIVERSAL SERIAL BUS)
3. PARALLEL PORT
4. CPU HIP
5. RAM SLOTS
6. FLOPPY CONTROLLER
7. IDE CONTROLLER
8. PCI SLOT
9. ISA SLOT
10. CMOS BATTERY
11. AGP SLOT
12. CPU SLOT
13. POWER SUPPLY PLUG IN  

TYPES OF MOTHERBOARD:-

1. AT  MOTHERBOARD
2. ATX  MOTHERBOARD
3. MICRO-ATX  MOTHERBO
4. MINI-ATX  MOTHERBOARD
5. E-ATX  MOTHERBOARD
6. NANO-ITX  MOTHERBOARD
7. PICO-ITXMOTHERBOARD

2. CPU ( CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT  )

A Central Processing Unit (CPU), Also Known A Main Processor Or Central  Processor,Is The Electonic Circuitry Within A Computer That Carries Out  The  Insstruction Of A  Computer Program By Performing The Basic  Arithmetic, Logic, Controlling,  And  Input/output (I/O)Operating Specified  By The Instructions.

     

COMPONENTS OF A CPU:

1. Arithemetic Logic Unit
2. Control Unit
3. Registers   

3. MONITOR

   MONITOR : Computer Monitors Are The Display Devices Used To View The Display Output

                        Of A Computer It Can Be Refferd To As The Visual Interface The User And                                  The  Computer

                        The First Computer Monitors  Used Cathode Ray Tubes (CRTs), Which Made

                        Them Large, Heavy And Inefficient. 

                        Now a Days, Flot-Screen  LCD/LED  Monitors  Are  Used In Laptops And                                    Desktop Computers Because They Are Lighter And More Energy Efficient.  

    KARL FERDINAND BRAUN IS A GERMAN SCIENTIST INVENTED THE 

    FIRST CATHODE RAY TUBE IN 1897.

TYPES OF COMPUTER MONITOR:

• CRT ( CATHODE RAY TUBE ) MONITORS
• LED ( LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY ) MONITORS
• LED ( LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES ) MONITOR

4. KEYBOARD

         

      KEYBOARD: Keyboard Is Used As A Text Entry Interface For Typing Text 

                               And Numbers Into A Word Processor, Text Editor Or Any 

                               Other Program.

                               Keyboard Is Also Used To Give Commands To The Operating

                               System Of a Computer, Such As Windows' Control-Alt-Delete 

                               Combination.

   

                               KEYBOARD ARE DESIGNED FOR THE INPUT OF TEXT AND

                               CHARACTERS.

5. MOUSE 
                                      
     MOUSE: A Mouse Is A Devise That Computer The Movement Of The Cursor Or Pointer                            On A  Display Screen. Its Name Is Derived From Its Shape, Which Looks Like A                          Mouse And  Its Wire Looks Like A Mouse's Tail.
                 
                    MOUSE IS INVENTED BY DOUGLAS ENGELBART OF STANDOU                                             RESEARCH CENTER IN 1963

TYPES OF MOUSE:

1. MECHANICAL MOUSE 
2. OPTOMECHANICAL MOUSE 
3. OPTICAL MOUSE

6. RAM

 RAM(RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY):  RAM IS A TYPE OF DATA STORAGE USED IN                                                                     COMPUTER THAT IS GENERALLY LOCATED
                                                                 ON THE MOTHERBOARD.
  
                                                                 RAM IS PHYSICAL IN A COMPUTER THAT
                                                                 TEMPORARILY STORES DATA.
                                                                    
                                                                A RAM DEVISE IS ALLOWS DATA ITEMS TO 
                                                                BE READ OR WITTEN IN ALMOST THE SAME 
                                                                AMOUNT OF TIME IRRESPECTIVE OF THE 
                                                                PHYSICAL LOCATION OF DATE INSIDE THE 
                                                                MEMORY.
  
    RAM IS USED AS A TEMPORARY STORAGE WHEN YOU RUN ANY APPLICATION

TYPES OF RAM:

1. DRAM (DYNAMIC RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY)
2. SRAM  (STATIC RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY)

7. PRINTER

                                       
            PRINTER: A  Printer Is A Devise That Accepts Text And Graphic Output 
                              From A Computer And Transfers The Information To Paper.

                              A Printer Is An Output Devise That Prints Paper Documents.

                              Printers Are Output Devise Used To Prepare Permanent 
                              Output Devise On Paper                                                     

 TYPES OF PRINTER:

1. IMPACT PRINTER
2. NON-IMPACT PRINTER
3. CHARACTER PRINTER
4. 3D PRINTER
5. AIO (ALL-IN-ONE) PRINTER
6. DOT MATRIX PRINTER
7. INKJET PRINTER
8. LASER PRINTER
9. LED PRINTER
10. OFFSET PRINTER
11. LETTERPRESS PRINTER
12. PLOTTER PRINTER
13. THERMAL PRINTER

8. SPEAKER

    SPEAKER:  Speaker Is A computer Hadware Device That Converts Analog Audio                                        Signals Into The Equivalent Air Vibrations In Order To Make Audible                                      Sound. 

                

                            They receive audio input from the computer's sound card and                                                    produce audio output in the form of sound waves.

TYPES OF SPEAKER:

1. ELECTRODYNAMIC LOUDSPEAKER
2. FLAT PANEL SPEAKER
3. PLASMA ARC SPEAKERS
4. PIEZOELECTRIC SPEAKER

9. SCANNER

     

  SCANNER: A Scanner Is A Devise Like A Copy Machine That Copies Documents 

                        And Pictures And Saves Them As Image. 

              

                       A Scanner Is An Electronic Device Which Can Capture Image From                                         Physical Items And Convert Them Into Digital Formats

TYPES OF SCANNER:

1. FLATBED SCANNER
2. SHEETFED SCANNER
3. HANDHELD SCANNER
4. DRUM SCANNER 
5. PHOTO SCANNER
6. FILM SCANNER
7. PORTABLE SCANNER

10.POWER SUPPLY  

    

   POWER SUPPLY: A Power Supply Unit Converts Main Ac To Low-Voltage Regulated

                                     DC Power For The Internal Components Of A Computer.

                                     A Power Supply Is A Hardware Component Of A Computer That

                                     Supplies All Components In A Computer With Power.

                                     In Most Computer, The Power Supply Is Located At The Back Of 

                                     The Computer.

11.VIDEO CARD

  VIDEO CARD: A Video Card (Also Called A Display Card, Graphics Card, Display Adapter

                                Or Graphics Adapter, ) Is An Expansion, Card Which Generates A Feed Of 

                                Output Image To A Device (such as a computer monitor).

                                A Video Card Connects To The Motherboard Of A Computer System and 

                                Generates Output Images To Display.

VIDEO CARD COMPONENT :

1. THE GRAPHICS PROCESSOR
2. THE VIDEO MEMORY
3. THE RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY DIGITAL-TO-ANALOGUE CONVERTER
4. THE DRIVER SOFTWARE

                                

12.HARD DISK DRIVE

     HARD DISK DRIVE: A Disk Is A Non-Volatile Memory Hardware Device That                                                                 Permanently Stores And Retrieves Data On A Computer.

                                                  It Is A Secondary Storage Device Used To Store Data                                                                        Permanently,Random Access Memory (RAM) Being The                                                                  Primary Memory Device.

               THE FIRST HARD DISK DRIVE WAS INTRODUCE TO THE MARKET BY IBM

               ON SEPTEMBER 13, 1956.

                                                  

13.SOLID-STATE DRIVE 

        SOLID STATE DRIVE: Solid State Drive (SSD). It Used For Storing Data Similar To 
                                                 Hard Disk Drive, But Have Many Advantage When Compared
                                                 To HDD.

                                                 It Supports Reading And Writing Data And Maintains Stored
                                                 Data In A Permanent State Even Without Power.
       

14.OPTICAL DRIVE
   
            OPTICAL DRIVE: An Optical Drive Is A Type Of Computer Disk Drive That Reads
                                             Writes Data From Optical Disk Through Laser Beaming Technology.

                                              The Optical Drive Normally Known By Other Names Like A Disc 
                                              Drive, Optical Disc Drive (ODD), CD Drive, DVD Drive, Or BD
                                              Drive.

               COMPART DISCS, DVDs, AND BLU-RAY DISCS ARE COMMO TYPES OF 
               OPTICAL MEDIA WHICH CAN BE READ AND RECORDED BY SUCH DRIVE 

14.BATTERY BACKUP S(UPS)
     BATTERY BACKUP (UPS): Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) A Device That
                                                             Provides Battery Backup When The Electrical Power
                                                             Fails Or Drops To An Unacceptable Voltage Level.
    
                                                             UPS Devises Also Provide Protection From Power Surges. 

   TYPES OF UPS:

1. STANDBY
2. LINE INTERACTIVE
3. STANDBY ON-LINE HYBRID
4. STANDBY-FREEO
5. DOUBLE CONVERSION ON-LINE
6. DELTA CONVERSION ON-LINE